Kukho ishumi elinesixhenxe lezinto zomhlaba ezinqabileyo - ishumi elinesihlanu kuzo zi-lanthanides kwaye ezimbini kuzo ziintsimbi zenguqu, i-yttrium kunye ne-scandium - ezifunyenwe ne-lanthanides kwaye zifana neekhemikhali. I-Samarium (Sm) kunye ne-Neodymium (Nd) zizinto ezimbini eziqhele ukusetyenziswa ezinqabileyo zomhlaba kwizicelo zemagneti. Ngokukodwa, iSamarium kunye neNeodymium zizinto zomhlaba ezinqabileyo ezinqabileyo (LREE) kwiqela le-cerium earths. I-Samarium Cobalt kunye ne-Neodymium alloy magnets zibonelela ngomlinganiselo ongcono wokunyathela kubunzima bokusetyenziswa kwezoshishino kunye nezorhwebo.

Izinto ezinqabileyo zomhlaba zidla ngokufunyanwa kunye kwidiphozithi yeminerali efanayo, kwaye ezi diphozithi zininzi. Ngaphandle kwepromethium, akukho nanye kwizinto ezinqabileyo zomhlaba ezinqabileyo. Ngokomzekelo, i-samarium yinto ye-40 eyona nto ininzi efumaneka kwiidiphozithi zeminerali yomhlaba. I-Neodymium, njengezinye izinto ezinqabileyo zomhlaba, yenzeka kwiidiphozithi ze-ore ezincinci, ezingafikelelekiyo. Noko ke, le nto inqabileyo yomhlaba ixhaphake njengobhedu yaye maninzi ngakumbi kunegolide.

Ngokubanzi, izinto ezinqabileyo zomhlaba zathiywa amagama azo ngenxa yezizathu ezibini ezahlukeneyo, kodwa ezibalulekileyo. Imvelaphi yokuqala yamagama enokwenzeka ixhomekeke ekunqongopheni kokuqala kwazo zonke iindawo zomhlaba ezinqabileyo ezilishumi elinesixhenxe. I-etymology yesibini ecetyiswayo ivela kwinkqubo enzima yokwahlula into nganye yomhlaba enqabileyo kwi-mineral ore yayo.

I-Neodymium Rare Earth Magnet SquareIncinci kwaye kunzima ukufikelela kwiidiphozithi zentsimbi eziqulethe izinto ezinqabileyo zomhlaba zibe negalelo ekuthiyweni kokuqala kwezinto ezilishumi elinesixhenxe. Igama elithi “imihlaba” libhekisa nje kwiidipozithi zendalo zeminerali. Ukunqongophala kwembali kwezi zinto kwenza ukuba igama layo lingathinteleki. Ngoku, i-China ihlangabezana malunga ne-95% yemfuno yehlabathi jikelele yomhlaba onqabileyo - imigodi kunye nokucokisa malunga ne-100,000 yeetoni zemetriki zomhlaba onqabileyo ngonyaka. I-United States, i-Afghanistan, i-Australia, kunye ne-Japan nazo zineendawo ezibalulekileyo zokugcina umhlaba ezinqabileyo.

Inkcazo yesibini yezinto ezinqabileyo zomhlaba ezichongiweyo "umhlaba onqabileyo" ngenxa yobunzima kuzo zombini iinkqubo zokumbiwa kwemigodi kunye nokucocwa, okwenziwa ngokuqhelekileyo ngecrystallization. Igama elithi "inqabile" ngokwembali lithetha into efanayo nelithi "nzima." Ngenxa yokuba iinkqubo zabo zokumbiwa kwemigodi nokusulungekiswa zazingelula, ezinye iingcali zicebisa ukuba igama elithi “umhlaba onqabileyo” lisetyenziswe kwezi zinto zilishumi elinesixhenxe ngenxa yoko.

Imagnethi yeCobalt yaseSamarium Cobalt Iimagnethi zomhlaba eziRare kunye neNeodymium iimagnethi zomhlaba ezinqabileyo azibizi kakhulu okanye zinqongophele. Ileyibhile yabo njengemagnethi "yomhlaba onqabileyo" akufuneki ibe sesona sizathu siphambili sokukhetha okanye ukuthoba ezi magnethi kushishino okanye urhwebo. Ukusetyenziswa okunokubakho kwezi magnethi kufuneka kulinganiswe ngononophelo ngokosetyenziso olucetywayo, kwaye ngokoguquko olufana nokunyamezela ubushushu. Ukuchongwa kweemagnethi “njengomhlaba onqabileyo” kukwavumela ukwahlulwa ngokubanzi kwazo zombini iimagnethi ze-SmCo kunye neemagnethi zeNeo kunye xa zikhankanywa ecaleni kweemagnethi zeAlnico okanye imagnethi yeFerrite.